Today's Los Angeles Times has an article about a new archaeological theory for the decline of the Mayan civilization. Researches believe that about 3800 years ago, a massive earthquake struck the Supe Valley, a region of Peru about 120 miles north of Lima, destroying settlements and loosening the soil. "Massive rainfall triggered by El Niño weather patterns washed the
sediment into bays, destroying the fishing grounds. Constant winds then
blew a steady rain of sand ashore, burying farmlands and rendering
population centers virtually uninhabitable," writes reporter Thomas H. Maugh. Earthquakes continued to shape the region's history, as Charles H. Walker argues in his book Shaky Colonialism: The 1746 Earthquake-Tsunami in Lima, Peru, and Its Long Aftermath. On October 28, 1746, a massive earthquake ravaged Lima, a bustling city
of 50,000, capital of the Peruvian Viceroyalty, and the heart of
Spain’s territories in South America. Half an hour later, a tsunami
destroyed the nearby port of Callao. The earthquake-tsunami demolished
churches and major buildings, damaged food and water supplies, and
suspended normal social codes, throwing people of different social
classes together and prompting widespread chaos. Walker examines reactions to the catastrophe, the Viceroy’s
plans to rebuild the city, and the opposition he encountered from the
Church, the Spanish Crown, and Lima’s multiracial population.